As a nephrologist I get sent patients with resistant or difficult to control HTN. Here’s an approach, why I do it and what it tells me. 24 hour ambulatory BP monitoring What it tells me: Is it really HTN or is it pseudo resistance? White coat syndrome, white coat effect Technique of measurement.
First of all, what’s the difference between a fistula and a graft? To do dialysis you need to be able to consistently insert two large bore needles, 3 times a week. This is typically done via a fistula or graft. Fistula: An artery is redirected to directly connect to a vein. Over time
You know or can look up the standard diagnostic algorithm for hyponatremia. Hypovolemic Euvolemic Hypervolemic Not doing this here. Read on to find out what the labs tell you. Knowing this will supplement and deepen your understanding. We’ll be analyzing the following labs: Serum Sodium Serum Osmolarity Urine Osmolarity Urine Sodium Uric acid
Here’s my approach to proteinuria. Albumin, microalbumin, protein - What’s the difference? Most urinary protein is albumin In glomerular diseases urinary albumin is 55-60% of the total urinary protein If the percentage is low (urinary albumin < 40% of the total urinary protein) think tubulointerstitial disease If the percentage is very low (urinary
